Marketing Research Krispy Kreme Free Essays

string(128) Is the measure of individuals or has a similar trademark in the comparable manner or a similar way which incorporate all sex and each age. Gathering MEMBER [pic] †¢ Usarat Rungruangrattanawadee1531007027 †¢ Chavivuth Soonthornsima 1511001933 †¢ Tirapitch Pichitnorakarn 1511007096 †¢ Arnuphap Chaiyaraj 1531007209 †¢ Pavinee Pinijkijsopon1531007530 Exclusive Summary As you probably are aware Thailand has many brand of doughnut and a year ago have new brand come to Thailand it is Krispy Kreme Doughnut. First time that they advance everybody fascinating and energizing about that. Presently it not fascinating like starting period. We will compose a custom exposition test on Promoting Research Krispy Kreme or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now In this way, our gathering might want to learn about client inclination and need to think about consumer loyalty with value, spot, taste and area of Krispy Kreme Doughnut. We attempt to realize all client think with Krispy Kreme Doughnut and furthermore our rival. We utilize numerous techniques to do the examination. For this examination we get some impediment from whether, time, mistaking for poll, and so forth. As we research we get great data back for dissect the information and code information for do diagram. Presentation Background 1937s A Humble Beginning †¢ Krispy Kreme Began More Than 70 Years Ago In Winston-Salem, NC †¢ Our Founder, Vemon Rudolph, Bought a Yeast-Raised Doughnut Recipe From a Chef in New Orleans. †¢ Today, All Krispy Kreme Stores Use the Same Proprietary Recipe That Was Used 70 Years Ago! 940s 1950s A History of Innovation 40s50s †¢ Improving the donut Making process through Innovation from the earliest starting point †¢ Krispy Kreme Was the First to Automate the Doughnut Making Process Soon After We Opened. †¢ These Innovation Remain the Foundation of Our Doughnut-Making Process Today 1960s 1970s The Store Experience 60s 70s (Our Stores are Fun Gathering place for Friends) †¢ The Store Expereince is the Brand for Our Customers. †¢ For Year, Krispy Kreme Stores Have Been Fun Places for Friends and Families to Gather Our â€Å"Doughnut Theatre† and You Team’s Great Customer Service are Critical Components. 1980s 1990s Hot Original Glazed 80s 90s (The celebrated hot donut experience) †¢ Krispy Kreme Signature Product Original is Our Original Glazed †¢ Our World Famous â€Å"Hot Now† Sign Signals To purchasers that making Fresh Product †¢ Customer Young and Old Love Watching the Doughnuts Being Made Today Growing the Brand Worldwide (Sharing the Krispy Kreme experience) †¢ Today, Krispy Kreme has Stores in the United States, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia. †¢ We have More Than 500 Stores in 18 Countries More than 60% of Krispy Kreme’s Stores are Now Outside the US †¢ This Year, Krispy Kreme Hop es to Open Our First Stores in Dominican Republic, Thailand and Taiwan! Krispy Kreme in Thailand †¢ Krispy Kreme open in Thailand at Siam Paragon since 28 Sep, 2010 Situation Analysis First Krispy Kreme launchs in Bangkok at Siam Paragon. It has a Krispy Kreme pattern since they have advancement for 100 prople get free Krispy Kreme however the principal individual of 100 individuals will get Krispy Kreme free all year. Individuals very intrigue and amped up for Krispy Kreme. Before it lunch in Bangkok, it notoriety in on board. For initial 4-5 months, it has long lines out of Siam Paragon. Somebody who sitting tight in lines for exchange all contrary side at Siam Paragon, they will up cost around 10-20 baht for each piece or somebody get 50-100 baht for each container for holding up in lines rather than the individual who need it. Presently Krispy Kreme hushes up, no body hanging tight for purchase Krispy Kreme, you can stroll to the shop and get it without holding up in long lines. Presently it has assortment for favors, first it dispatches just unique kindness. Examination Objective †¢ To contemplate Krispy Kreme Customer Preference. †¢ To know consumer loyalty with cost. To know consumer loyalty with spot, for example, environment, enhancement and comfort. †¢ To know consumer loyalty with taste, for example, delicate and sweet. †¢ To know consumer loyalty with notoriety. †¢ To know some improvement that we figure client will acknowledge or it will impact with client or not. †¢ The last target that we need to know is about contender. Characterize issue and opportunity distinguishing proof Problem is Thai individuals enthusiasm with Krispy Kreme lower than the starting time frame, so male Krispy Kreme not any more long lines despite the fact that Krispy Kreme dispatch more favors, however not fascination client like starting period. Presently Krispy Kreme has not yet opens another branch in spite of the fact that I think Krispy Kreme must to open new branch. Confinement of the investigation Our principle target is understudy, so we isolate into two gatherings for research. The main gathering is BU Student at City Campus and Second gathering is Student around Siam Paragon and BTS (Siam station). First confinement that we met we can’t do the examination inside Siam Paragon, so we should to go outside it and remain at BTS. We go to investigate around 5 pm; this time is the occasions for understudy go for coach. We have some issue about understudy don’t possess more energy for do our poll. What's more, we remain at BTS, we will met understudy who likewise rush to back home. Until we meet one gathering before Siam Paragon, we go for research them however security watch isn't permitting to explore front of Siam Paragon. Second confinement that we met is a few people they don’t see some inquiry and a few people who state no with the inquiry that we pose about most recent one month you ever expend Krispy Kreme or not, so it make that poll fall flat. I should to accomplish more surveys since we need 30 polls. The last restriction that we met is climate, as a matter of first importance we will remain at Siam Square, the spot that affiliate sell Krispy Kreme Donught however that they is coming down day, so it make our can’t remain there. It difficult to do poll in pouring day. At last we choose to isolate in to two gatherings first remain around BTS. We stand distinctive entryway. At last, The issue that we meet is from mistaking for question, spot and climate that we study isn't comfort for do the examination however at last we get survey enough to do the exploration despite the fact that it has right one and wrong one. Strategy Definition of the populace Is the measure of individuals or has a similar trademark in the comparable manner or a similar way which incorporate all sex and each age. You read Advertising Research Krispy Kreme in classification Paper models Person are likely very similar things and from one to other people, they all in a gathering and as a gathering we called â€Å"population†. For instance our gathering venture we doing an examination about doughnut which is the most well known and celebrated in Thailand currently called â€Å"Crispy Cream† situated in paragon shopping center. As we research we need to know the measure of populace which has very similar things in similar manners, for example, as to eat doughnut or like to do similar exercises, we don’t target just individuals who are under 30 however we do focus on all sex, age and individuals who are in Bangkok as well. In this manner populace are enormous gathering of individuals not even in the nation can be everywhere throughout the world who like to do or eat in the equivalent or comparable things. What's more, on the off chance that we need to target something we can focus in an entire gathering of individuals which implies populace of something we need to target, for example, we need to know populace of individuals who wants to eat doughnut particularly â€Å"Crispy Cream†. Each exploration must have their populace of their task which can advise u to break down that individuals who you are focusing on resembles or hate your item or administrations. These can inform u minimal all the more regarding individuals or clients are enthusiasm for your item or not. For instance if high populace it may implies they like your item or administration however in the event that low populace so which implies that they probably won't be intrigue or not in the patterns of these days. Test plan and test size Our example plan is that we have led the example of 30 respondents between the age of 16-25 both secondary school and college understudies who are devouring KrispyKreame doughnuts. To see how these age gathering of individuals purchasing choice on the KrispyKreame items on their inclination on taste, value, notoriety, nature of the items. The number of inhabitants in our own objective is the individuals in Bangkok who expending the doughnuts whether devour themselves or purchase for others as a blessing. In any case, the absolute overviews that we have directed was 50 polls however just 30 of them which can be valuable for finish up the last example which gives us 60% of the all out example size that we have been given out for the reviews. Our own example technique was we have utilized an exploratory strategy yet in poll type and we let them to round out the structure without anyone else and as we have a bunch testing sort of technique which mean we have chosen the gathering of our own example size for this specific overviews. Besides, the testing technique for our own overview was likelihood test type as we have select the example which in equivalent opportunity to be select to round out the poll. We have resampling the example to finish up the outcome by taking a gander at the example that we have accumulated to pass judgment on the absolute populace of individuals who like to devour doughnuts in Bangkok region. Advancement of the poll We began built up our survey to answer the destinations. The poll was made by all individuals in gathering. First time we draft created it in study hall to know simply like which course we will inquire. We likewise ensure by talk with the educator about the substance in poll. After that we had meeting again to do survey in subtleties. Every part encourages together to created survey and attempts to show the thoughts and the advantage of that question to fit with the goal. We had utilization of PC and systems to help in d

Tactical and Strategic Intelligence Felicia & Fred

Question: Comprehend at a more profound level the monetary examination of vital and strategic ventures, the impact budgetary influence has on firm worth, and the coordination of speculation and money related corporate methodologies Analyze issues that face present day corporate directors when settling on capital planning and capital structure choices Apply account valuation procedures for reasons for business dynamic Integrate, incorporate, and present fund ideas and investigations Be ready to utilize the corporate fund instruments important to build up the aptitudes, information, and knowledge (SKW) in current interest by bosses Understand the characteristics required for vocations, for example, corporate administrators, budgetary investigators, speculation experts, merchants, and business professionals. Answer: Presentation Felicia Fred is an open organization of US which manages assembling of gems. The organization has recently extended its ability and remembered Czech precious stone arm band for its product offering. This year the organization has included womens adornments, extraordinarily the totes in its product offering. These items are re-appropriated by the organization to a maker in Asia through an authorizing understanding. The maker has selective rights to Felicia Freds ladies logo satchels with the goal that the organization can safeguard the licensed innovation and marking rights in the United States. The organization has additionally expanded its interests in the stock. With the expansion in product offering the organization foresees that the interest of the item will increment and it will require extra room to fulfill the need of its clients. Theoretical The contrast among key and strategic dynamic Key dynamic and strategic dynamic are two unique ways utilized in a business to take choices. The significant contrast between the two is time arranged. The contrast among vital and strategic dynamic is that key dynamic arrangements with the arranging and taking instructed choices in regards to the future issues of the organization while the strategic dynamic arrangements with the issue looked by the organization at present and finding a way to beat that issue. The key dynamic permits the companys chiefs to conjecture the future course of the organization and recognize rising patterns and markets for the organization. They can design the future issues and dependent on the anticipated consequences of the ventures conclude whether to proceed with the undertakings or close a task. The strategic dynamic arrangements with the present issues and uses the present economic situations to break down the circumstance and rivalry and afterward choose the moves to be made to accomplish its objectives. It centers around the current assets and spotlights on approaches to accomplish the vital objectives. The arranging and dynamic includes the difficulties and dangers in completing the vital objectives. The choice by the organization Felicia Fred to extend the business and enter the purse conveyance business is key in nature. The organization has recently extended its ability and remembered Czech precious stone arm band for its product offering and consideration of the different womens extras, uniquely the totes bodes well and permits the organization to give more assortment of items to a similar client base and increment its sells and benefits over the long haul. It additionally gives another course to the organization which is moving from an adornments fabricating organization to maker of embellishments for ladies and can be a one stop answer for all the prerequisites of the clients. Hence without expanding the consumption in showcasing and notice the organization can sell different items and is an ideal vital product offering augmentation. Along these lines the choice of entering the satchel appropriation business is key. (Owang, 2013) The pointers of monetary execution utilized in assessing whether a speculation has effectively expanded investor abundance of organization are Benefit proportions: Profitability of an organization is the limit of the organization to make benefits. In a business, in the event that the ventures by the organization can produce benefits, at that point the speculation is viewed as fruitful. The different Profitability proportions like gross edge proportion, return on value, return on ventures and so on gives a smart thought whether the organization has been performing superior to the rivals in the business. Liquidity proportions: The Liquidity proportion enables the financial specialist to discover if the organization can cover its obligation: long haul and present moment and assists with boosting certainty among speculators and providers. The different Liquidity proportions like current proportion, fast proportion and money proportion helps in deciding if the organization has had the option to cover its liabilities and aides in picking up the trust of the speculators and different partners. Productivity proportions: The effectiveness proportion causes financial specialist to discover if the organization can utilize its assets and make benefits proficiently. The different Efficiency proportions like all out resources turnover proportion, fixed resources turnover proportion enables the financial specialists to see how productively the benefits have been used by the organization. (Chand, 2015) The income explanation, stock turnover proportion and records receivable turnover proportion are different pointers of money related execution utilized in assessing if the speculation has been fruitful in expanding investor abundance of organization. Monetary Trend Analysis Liquidity Ratios of the firm: The Liquidity proportion enables the financial specialist to discover if the organization can cover its obligation: long haul and present moment. Current proportion: Current proportion is the capacity of an organization to pay its present liabilities utilizing the present resources. It is given by Current Assets/Current Liabilities. (Current Ratio) In the earlier year, Current Assets = 29 M Current Liabilities = 22.4 M Along these lines current proportion = 29/22.4 = 1.29 In the present year, Current Assets = 40.9 M Current Liabilities = 36.2 M In this way present proportion = 40.9/36.2 = 1.13 The present proportion has diminished from the earlier year. Consequently the organization won't have the option to clear its present liabilities as productively as it did a year ago. The interest in satchels has diminished the present resources. Stock Turnover proportion: Inventory Turnover proportion shows number of times a companys stock is sold and supplanted in a timeframe. It is given by Inventory Turnover = Sales/Inventory In the earlier year, Deals Revenue = 950 M Stock = 13 M Subsequently Inventory Turnover proportion = 950/13 = 73.08 In the present year, Deals Revenue = 975 M Stock = 24.2 M Subsequently Inventory Turnover proportion = 975/24.2 = 40.29 The stock turnover proportion has diminished from the earlier year. Subsequently the organization has expanded its stock and can't turn its stock as fast as it did a year ago. The interest in satchels has decreased the stock turnover proportion and expanded stock. Records receivable turnover: Records receivable turnover shows the occasions the organization gathers its receivables from its credit clients. It is given by Accounts receivable turnover = Net Credit Sales/Average Accounts receivable In the earlier year, Deals Revenue = 950 M Normal Accounts Receivable = 4.6 M In this way Accounts receivable turnover proportion = 950/4.6 = 206.52 In the present year, Deals Revenue = 975 M Normal Accounts Receivable = (4.7 +4.6)/2 M = 4.65 M In this way Accounts receivable turnover proportion = 975/4.65 = 209.68 The records receivable turnover proportion has expanded from the earlier year. Henceforth the organization has improved its assortment technique and can rapidly gather the receivables contrasted with the most recent year. Dissolvability Ratios of the firm: The Solvency Ratios of a firm is utilized to quantify its capacity to meet its drawn out obligation. Obligation to Equity proportion: Debt to Equity proportion of a firm is utilized to gauge the proportion of financing of the organization utilizing obligation from banks and speculations from the speculators. It is given by Debt to Equity proportion = Total liabilities/Total Equity In the earlier year, Absolute liabilities = 109 + 36.2 M = 145.2 M All out Equity = 169.1 M Along these lines Debt to Equity proportion = 145.2/169.1 = 0.86 n the present year, All out liabilities = 200 + 22.4 M = 222.4 M All out Equity = 126.6 M Along these lines Debt to Equity proportion = 222.4/126.6 = 1.75 The Debt to Equity proportion has diminished from the earlier year. Thus the organization has paid off the obligation and raised greater venture from the financial specialists. Subsequently the organization had the option to create venture from the speculators for the new product offering of satchels. C Profitability Ratios of the firm: Profitability of an organization is the limit of the organization to make benefits. Net overall revenue: Gross Profit Margin is characterized as Gross Profit/Sales. It is utilized to compute the benefit earned by the organization in the wake of expelling the expense of products sold per unit of deals. (Chand, 2015) In the earlier year, Net Profit = (950 801) M = 149 M Deals = 950 M In this manner Gross Profit Margin = 149/950 = 0.15 In the present year, Net Profit = (975 779.3) M = 195.7 M Deals = 975 M In this manner Gross Profit Margin = 195.7/975 = 0.20 The Gross Profit Margin has expanded from the earlier year. Consequently with the presentation of purses the companys net revenue has expanded. Accordingly the organization can create more benefits from the interest in the new product offering of satchels. Net Profit Margin: Net Profit Margin is characterized as Net Profit/Sales. It is utilized to ascertain the benefit earned by the organization per unit of deals. A higher net revenue proportion is favored as the organization will have more incomes to pay its expenses.(Chand, 2015) In the earlier year, Net Profit = 13 M Deals = 950 M Therefore Net Profit Margin = 13/950 = 0.014 In the present year, Net Profit = 52.5 M Deals = 975 M Therefore Net Profit Margin = 52.5/975 = 0.054 The Net Profit Margin has expanded from the earlier year. Subsequently with the presentation of totes the companys net revenue has expanded. Therefore the organization can create more benefits fr

How Neighbors Can Help Each Other Manage Stress

How Neighbors Can Help Each Other Manage Stress Stress Management Relationship Stress Print How Neighbors Can Help With Stress Management By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on August 15, 2019 Sean Justice/Getty Images More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress We may not all have block parties and an active neighborhood watch, but you may be more affected your neighbors than you think; the neighborhood we live in can affect our  happiness and stress  levels in multiple ways.  When youre thinking of strategies to manage stress, consider investing in your relationships with your neighbors.   How Neighbors Can Help Each Other Manage Stress The following are ways that neighbors can affect our lives and be resources for stress management. Socialize With our busy schedules, we dont always see friends as often as wed like. For a bit of socializing that takes only minutes out of your day, its nice to stop and chat with people for a few minutes on your way out to your car. And the more people you have available for shared social support, the better, generally speaking. Pool Resources Some friendly neighborhoods who share dinners, minimizing the effort it takes to cook. Others trade fruit from their trees. A neighbor who borrows a few eggs may come back with a plate of cookies that the eggs helped create. Knowing your neighbors increases everyones ability to share. Create a Sense of Security Knowing the people around you can bring a sense of security. If you need somethingâ€"whether its a cup of sugar when youre baking cookies  or someone to call the police if they see someone lurking outside your homeâ€"its nice to know you can depend on those around you and they can depend on you. Boost Home Pride Knowing the people who live around you provides a strengthened sense of pride in your home and neighborhood. Coming home just feels nicer when your neighbors are your friends. While you may not be able to change the neighborhood in which you live, you can change the experience you have in your own neighborhood by getting more involved with those around you and taking pride in the area in which you live. The following are some ideas and resources that can help you to feel more at home in your neighborhood: Get Outside More If you live in a generally safe area, take a morning or evening walk. Its a great stress reliever that also allows you to get to know many of your neighbors, get an understanding of who lives where, and feel more at home in your surroundings. Smile and Say Hello Its simple enough, but if youre not in the habit of smiling and giving a friendly hello to the people you encounter in your neighborhood, its a good habit to start. While not everyone will return the friendliness immediately, its a quick way to get to know people and build relationships, even if youve lived close for years and havent really said much to one another. Talk to Your Elders The more veteran members of the neighborhood often have the inside scoop on the neighborhood. You may be surprised at how much you can learn if you stop to take the time to talk to the sweet old lady at the end of the block. Share What You Have This may seem obvious, but if you have a fruit-bearing tree, its a great idea to offer some of our overflows to your neighbors.  Its always nice to have fresh fruit, so even if not all of your neighbors have an interest in what you have to offer (maybe they have their own lemon trees and dont need yours), they will likely appreciate the offer.  And if youre lucky, they may have some fruits or veggies to share as well. Host a Block Party If you already know several of your neighbors in a superficially friendly way, you may want to get to know them better and meet the rest by throwing a block party. Theyre surprisingly fun and easy. Start a Neighborhood Watch Program To feel safer at night and build a sense of community at the same time, starting a neighborhood watch program is a great idea. Getting more information on stress and resources to help you to manage it can help you to build habits that can help you to cope with stress once your stress response is triggered.

International Project Management ( Oil Gas ) - 3233 Words

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT COURSEWORK COVER SHEET FOR THE ATTENTION OF LECTURER: Dr. Michael Tong (PLEASE PRINT) Student Name: Ngozi Sam-moseli Matriculation Number:S1421753 Year of Study: 2014-15 Programme Title: International Project Management (Oil Gas) Assignment Title: Project Planning (PM coursework 2) Module: Project Management (MMN221207-14-B) Student Declaration This piece of work is not plagiarised. It is my original work and has not been submitted elsewhere in fulfilment of the requirements of this or any other award. Signature: Date: 29th April, 2015 Your mark could have been higher if: Additional Marker Comments: Marker Signature: Total Mark Marker Name: Dr. Michael Tong Date: Table of content Table of Contents Table of content 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPT 3 2.1 What is a Project? 3 2.2 Project Management (PM) 3 3.0 PROJECT PLANNING 4 4.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT MONITORING AND CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES. 5 4.1 Tools and techniques for Project plan monitoring 6 4.2 Tools techniques for Project cost/budget monitoring and control 10 4.3 Monitoring by Project Team 11 5.0 RESOLUTION OF DELAYS TO CRITICAL PATH ACTIVITIES. 11 6.0 RECOMMENDATION AS TO HOW TO MAXIMISE LEARNING WITHIN AND BETWEEN PROJECTS 12 REFERENCES 13 1.0 INTRODUCTION The construction industry needs tools and techniques for land use, economic development, and environment planning to cope with development in various locations. 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Display Todays Date on Your Website

Server-side PHP scripting gives web developers the ability to add features that change  to their websites. They can use it to generate dynamic page content, collect form data, send and receive cookies and display the current date. This code only works on pages where PHP is enabled, which means the code displays a date on pages that end in .php. You can name your ​HTML page with a .php extension or other extensions set up on your server to run PHP. Example PHP Code for Todays Date Using PHP,  you can display the current date on your website using a single line of PHP code. Heres How It Works Inside an HTML file, somewhere in the body of the HTML, the script starts  by opening the PHP code with the symbol.Next, the code uses the print( ) function to send the date it is about to generate to the browser.The date function is then used to generate the current days date.Finally, the PHP script is closed using the ? symbols.The code returns to the body of the HTML file. About That Funny-Looking Date Format PHP uses formatting options to format date output. The lower case L—or l—represents the day of the week Sunday through Saturday. F calls for a textual representation of a month such as January. The day of the month is indicated by d, and Y is the representation for a year, such as 2017. Other formatting parameters can be seen at the PHP website.

Mesopotamia and Egypt Comparison Free Essays

Known as one of the earliest civilizations, Mesopotamia and Egypt both share set amounts of similarities along with a share of striking distinctions. Environmentally, these two civilizations were formed in similar surroundings, yet their weather patterns show distinctions. Politically, both governments derived from a monarch, yet their laws and punishments distinguished the two’s court systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Mesopotamia and Egypt Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now Economically, they both shared prosperous success in similar manners. Socially, although the two lands followed a hierarchy, the value of women contrasted.Culturally, they both believed in a higher order of creation; however, their views of them were polar opposites. Intellectually, these two societies developed skilled abilities and creations that changed history forever. In terms of environment, these two civilizations were formed in similar surroundings. They were both the earliest river-valleys to be charted by anthropologists. Because they were both formed near rivers, it’s no coincidence that the life of both of these places depended mainly on rivers.The Tigris and Euphrates rivers aided in Mesopotamian life, while the river Nile supporting the Nile civilization of Egypt. However, one difference between Mesopotamia and Egypt is the weather patterns of their respected localities. The Nile civilization admired and celebrated at the mineral waters that came in the favorably regular floods that provided lush vegetation and ease for society support, where in contrast, Sumerians had to settle for ruthless and unpredictable floods that lead towards more destruction than aid to their settlement.Politically, both governments derived from a monarch. Mesopotamia and Egypt had a sole and absolute ruler who rained over their respective territories, usually for life and by heredity. However, the laws these two civilizations lived by with their people were dissimilar. Laws of the Nile were based on â€Å"common sense view† of right and wrong that emphasized reaching agreements and resolving conflicts rather than strictly adhering to a complicated set of statuses.A large factor as to why this is so is because of the Pharaoh’s (name given to the ruler o f Egypt) duty as a ruler to provide Ma’at or the personification of the fundamental order of the universe. The Mesopotamian laws, in contrast, were hard and unfortunate, which were set by King Hammurabi himself during his long reign of Babylon. In Hammurabi’s court, it did not matter if you were rich or poor, if you broke the law, and were found guilty, you would be punished and required to follow the laws and punishments that were clearly written in stone (the code of Hammurabi).Economically, these two civilizations both shared prosperous success in similar manners. One connection between Mesopotamia and Egypt is that they both manipulated their designated rivers to perform critical trade operations by using them as routes. They were able to communicated and send goods with other civilizations in a farther location via the river system. Also, these two civilizations were very productive in the agricultural field due to the strategically created irrigation systems that provided water to their fertile soils to provide lush vegetations in Nile and Sumer.The one difference between Me sopotamia and Egypt in terms of economy is that the Nile government controlled most if not all of the trading monopoly, and they had their citizens pay substantial taxes. In social terms, Egypt and Mesopotamia followed a hierarchy. A body of people with authority, categorized according to their ability or status, such as king, priests, and peasants, is what dictated daily life in both civilizations. Women, conversely, were treated and thought of differently. The Egyptians believed in equality of women and marked them decently high in terms of respect records show.In Mesopotamia, women were much considered inferior compared to men. Anthropologists theorize that women lost social standing and freedom with the spread of agriculture. The standing of women seems to have declined further in the second millennium B. C. E. , perhaps because of the rise of an urbanized middle class and an increase in private wealth. Culturally, these two river valley civilizations both believed in a higher order of creation. Similar to one another, both practiced polytheism or the belief and worship of more than one God.However, their views of these deities were polar opposites. Optimistic by the stability of their environment, Egyptians conceived a positive notion of the God’s designs for humankind. They believed that despite the hardships their people went through, the righteous spirit could journey to the next world and look forward to a blessed existence. In contrast the Mesopotamians believed that due to the harsh conditions they went through were signs of the displeasure of the gods, and they needed to appease them in order to survive the unpredictable world they lived in.Along with a strong belief of the afterlife, Egyptians built lavish tombs within gracious pyramids to honor their pharaoh so that as they live among the deities, he will aid in bringing prosperity to the land he once came. Mesopotamians, however, build step pyramids not to worship the gods, but to worship the king himself whole currently ruled their territory. It was mainly culture, not physical appearance that served as the criterion of personal identification in both Egypt and Mesopotamia. Intellectually, these two societies developed skilled abilities and creations that changed history forever.Egyptian s and Mesopotamians were skilled mathematicians due to the accurate recordings and construction involved in creating the irrigations that derived their agricultural success. Both societies maintained an interest in astronomy, which later, Egyptian agronomists created one of the first accurate 365 day calendars up to date. There have also been ancient records that demonstrate Mesopotamian use of the potter’s wheel. In addition, the Egyptians were expert chemists, as they modified and improve their ability to preserve the bodies of their righteous leaders or loved ones through the process of mummification.In addition, these civilizations both created sophisticated writing system to differentiate their culture from others, such as Egyptians developing hieroglyphics written on papyrus while the Mesopotamians lived by the cuneiform writing system. These first civilizations developed high levels of political centralization, urbanization, and technology due to their situations in river valleys, and their need to support agriculture through rainfall forced these communities to work as one ton construct and maintain canals, dams, weirs, and dikes.Their in tellect seeks fat as to create their own original forms of writing as well. Not only did the crops support the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, but the surplus was able to support specialized artisan experts in engineering, mathematics, and metallurgy. It was the culture, not appearance that separated these two civilizations. Both followed the system of a hierarchy, yet Egyptians held their women high in respect while the Mesopotamians saw them as inferior to society.Egyptians cherished their kind Gods and Pharaohs for the prosperity they bring to their land in terms of agriculture and weather, why the Mesopotamians scrambled to appease their harsh deities to survive their unpredictable weather conditions. Kinship governed these two societies, yet the Code of Hammurabi was the critical difference in their respective political systems. It is no doubt that the origin of human civilizations first started in these locales, and both have made a huge impact in future societies for many years to come. How to cite Mesopotamia and Egypt Comparison, Papers

Mesopotamia and Egypt Comparison Free Essays

Known as one of the earliest civilizations, Mesopotamia and Egypt both share set amounts of similarities along with a share of striking distinctions. Environmentally, these two civilizations were formed in similar surroundings, yet their weather patterns show distinctions. Politically, both governments derived from a monarch, yet their laws and punishments distinguished the two’s court systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Mesopotamia and Egypt Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now Economically, they both shared prosperous success in similar manners. Socially, although the two lands followed a hierarchy, the value of women contrasted.Culturally, they both believed in a higher order of creation; however, their views of them were polar opposites. Intellectually, these two societies developed skilled abilities and creations that changed history forever. In terms of environment, these two civilizations were formed in similar surroundings. They were both the earliest river-valleys to be charted by anthropologists. Because they were both formed near rivers, it’s no coincidence that the life of both of these places depended mainly on rivers.The Tigris and Euphrates rivers aided in Mesopotamian life, while the river Nile supporting the Nile civilization of Egypt. However, one difference between Mesopotamia and Egypt is the weather patterns of their respected localities. The Nile civilization admired and celebrated at the mineral waters that came in the favorably regular floods that provided lush vegetation and ease for society support, where in contrast, Sumerians had to settle for ruthless and unpredictable floods that lead towards more destruction than aid to their settlement.Politically, both governments derived from a monarch. Mesopotamia and Egypt had a sole and absolute ruler who rained over their respective territories, usually for life and by heredity. However, the laws these two civilizations lived by with their people were dissimilar. Laws of the Nile were based on â€Å"common sense view† of right and wrong that emphasized reaching agreements and resolving conflicts rather than strictly adhering to a complicated set of statuses.A large factor as to why this is so is because of the Pharaoh’s (name given to the ruler o f Egypt) duty as a ruler to provide Ma’at or the personification of the fundamental order of the universe. The Mesopotamian laws, in contrast, were hard and unfortunate, which were set by King Hammurabi himself during his long reign of Babylon. In Hammurabi’s court, it did not matter if you were rich or poor, if you broke the law, and were found guilty, you would be punished and required to follow the laws and punishments that were clearly written in stone (the code of Hammurabi).Economically, these two civilizations both shared prosperous success in similar manners. One connection between Mesopotamia and Egypt is that they both manipulated their designated rivers to perform critical trade operations by using them as routes. They were able to communicated and send goods with other civilizations in a farther location via the river system. Also, these two civilizations were very productive in the agricultural field due to the strategically created irrigation systems that provided water to their fertile soils to provide lush vegetations in Nile and Sumer.The one difference between Me sopotamia and Egypt in terms of economy is that the Nile government controlled most if not all of the trading monopoly, and they had their citizens pay substantial taxes. In social terms, Egypt and Mesopotamia followed a hierarchy. A body of people with authority, categorized according to their ability or status, such as king, priests, and peasants, is what dictated daily life in both civilizations. Women, conversely, were treated and thought of differently. The Egyptians believed in equality of women and marked them decently high in terms of respect records show.In Mesopotamia, women were much considered inferior compared to men. Anthropologists theorize that women lost social standing and freedom with the spread of agriculture. The standing of women seems to have declined further in the second millennium B. C. E. , perhaps because of the rise of an urbanized middle class and an increase in private wealth. Culturally, these two river valley civilizations both believed in a higher order of creation. Similar to one another, both practiced polytheism or the belief and worship of more than one God.However, their views of these deities were polar opposites. Optimistic by the stability of their environment, Egyptians conceived a positive notion of the God’s designs for humankind. They believed that despite the hardships their people went through, the righteous spirit could journey to the next world and look forward to a blessed existence. In contrast the Mesopotamians believed that due to the harsh conditions they went through were signs of the displeasure of the gods, and they needed to appease them in order to survive the unpredictable world they lived in.Along with a strong belief of the afterlife, Egyptians built lavish tombs within gracious pyramids to honor their pharaoh so that as they live among the deities, he will aid in bringing prosperity to the land he once came. Mesopotamians, however, build step pyramids not to worship the gods, but to worship the king himself whole currently ruled their territory. It was mainly culture, not physical appearance that served as the criterion of personal identification in both Egypt and Mesopotamia. Intellectually, these two societies developed skilled abilities and creations that changed history forever.Egyptian s and Mesopotamians were skilled mathematicians due to the accurate recordings and construction involved in creating the irrigations that derived their agricultural success. Both societies maintained an interest in astronomy, which later, Egyptian agronomists created one of the first accurate 365 day calendars up to date. There have also been ancient records that demonstrate Mesopotamian use of the potter’s wheel. In addition, the Egyptians were expert chemists, as they modified and improve their ability to preserve the bodies of their righteous leaders or loved ones through the process of mummification.In addition, these civilizations both created sophisticated writing system to differentiate their culture from others, such as Egyptians developing hieroglyphics written on papyrus while the Mesopotamians lived by the cuneiform writing system. These first civilizations developed high levels of political centralization, urbanization, and technology due to their situations in river valleys, and their need to support agriculture through rainfall forced these communities to work as one ton construct and maintain canals, dams, weirs, and dikes.Their in tellect seeks fat as to create their own original forms of writing as well. Not only did the crops support the Egyptians and Mesopotamians, but the surplus was able to support specialized artisan experts in engineering, mathematics, and metallurgy. It was the culture, not appearance that separated these two civilizations. Both followed the system of a hierarchy, yet Egyptians held their women high in respect while the Mesopotamians saw them as inferior to society.Egyptians cherished their kind Gods and Pharaohs for the prosperity they bring to their land in terms of agriculture and weather, why the Mesopotamians scrambled to appease their harsh deities to survive their unpredictable weather conditions. Kinship governed these two societies, yet the Code of Hammurabi was the critical difference in their respective political systems. It is no doubt that the origin of human civilizations first started in these locales, and both have made a huge impact in future societies for many years to come. How to cite Mesopotamia and Egypt Comparison, Papers

The Little Refugee free essay sample

1. The Little Refugee is a multimedia text. This book is a great example of belonging due to the representation of Anh Do and his family moving from Vietnam to Australia and belonging into the Australian culture. I chose this article because of the several aspects of belonging represented in this text. These aspects include social belonging, cultural belonging and just the overall acceptance in a new country. Anh has many difficulties during his life in Australia but with his parent’s encouragement he succeeds and becomes the person he visualised to be. 2. Meaning was created on how Anh Do and his family fit into the Australian society after fleeing from their own country war-torn Vietnam in a small boat. But nothing not murderous pirates, nor the imminent threat of death by hunger, disease or dehydration as they drifted for days could quench their desire to make a better life in a country where freedom existed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Refugee or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This cultural difficulty deprived Anh in a way where it affected his confidence and ability to maintain relationships in the real world. Anh did not find belonging into Australia when they had arrived due to cultural differences and as a result it socially showed rejection and denial. The biggest consequence suffered was that he was not able to fit in at school causing a downturn in academically because Anh had no hope. 3. the composer creates the meaning of belonging by a range of techniques. These techniques relate to the social, cultural, historical differences and the hardship of Anh interacting with people, places and a new world. These techniques are demonstrated by literacy and visual pictures. Emotive language has been used in this text to convey an emotion. This technique brings out what he feels about his circumstances. Anh states that he was terrified about the sky storm and the waves. Adjectives are used to describe and highlight the definition of how Anh felt and what he saw. An example used by Anh when describing his emotions were â€Å"sky turned black†, â€Å"angry storm† and â€Å"Giant waves†. The text structure is another way of simplifying the story by using simple sentences presented in short paragraphs, its structure shows a children’s story with drawn illustrations. These pictures have strong influence on readers by giving us empathy, compassion and understanding within the characters. These can be seen by close up facial expressions drawn to portray Anhs’ emotions as well as the other people on board. The effect of using first person in his literacy  makes us feel as though we are a part of the story as an audience. He includes dialogue with his parents quoting what his mum had said and how he replies to her. The terms used in the book are, â€Å"I†, â€Å"she†, â€Å"my†, â€Å"them†, â€Å"his† and â€Å"our† as well as many more examples. Figurative language has also been used to describe not accepting as true but designed to present an idea. For example, Anh quotes â€Å"the fishermen jumped on board our boat†. Physically we understand the fishermen don’t truly jump on board but it helps us accept the idea.

The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull Essay Example

The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull Paper The whole business with Kiffo and the Pitbull is a humorous book written by the former teacher now Australian author, Barry Jonsberg. This novel is about a misunderstood troublemaker called Jarryd Kiffing (Kiffo), a mean and nasty teacher (potential drug dealer) called Miss Payne, and a journey through mystery, investigation and even death, all written from the perspective of a high school student, Calma Harrison. This essay explores the possible answers to why Kiffo is a victim to his upbringing and why it was not his fault that he did not have good influences; why there is too much expected of him at school; and why Kiffo had to live the life that was given to him. Kiffo is a victim of his upbringing due to one major reason; it was out of his control that he would be born into that family. It seems as though Kiffo does not have the right influences over all. His family were never really supportive of him and his â€Å"friends† are not the type of people you would want to hang out with. Take Jonno for example, he is a mysterious character that knows Kiffo through family ties. He is known, within the novel, to steal when he wants something or even worse, he gets Kiffo to steal for him. When Calma and Kiffo visit Jonno, they see a large mountain of beer bottles, this indicates that Jonno is a heavy drinker. â€Å"Kiffo flipped his empty, bottle of beer through the window where it exploded on what must have been a small mountain of broken glass. Jonno belched loudly and did the same† (Jonsberg, 2004: 181). Kiffo did not choose this life and is not happy with it, the reason Kiffo has not tried to do anything good in his life is becaus e of the bad influences such as Jonno. We will write a custom essay sample on The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Whole Business With Kiffo and the Pitbull specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kiffo is a victim of the education system by reason of him having his own free will to excel which is supported by the opportunities given to him in school. The question states that Kiffo is a victim, all though he can decide, whenever he wants, to change his attitude and

The Younger Years of Grace Murray Hopper

The Younger Years of Grace Murray Hopper Computer programming pioneer Grace Murray Hopper was born on December 9, 1906, in New York City. Her childhood and early years contributed to her brilliant career but also showed how she was a typical kid in many ways. She was the oldest of three children. Her sister Mary was three years younger and her brother Roger was five years younger than Grace. She fondly recalled the happy summers playing typical childhood games together at a cottage on Lake Wentworth in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire. Still, she thought that she took the blame too often for mischief the children and their cousins got into on vacation. Once, she lost her swimming privileges for a week for instigating them to climb a tree. Besides playing outdoors, she also learned crafts such as needlepoint and cross-stitch. She enjoyed reading and learned to play the piano. Hopper liked to tinker with gadgets and find out how they worked. At age seven she was curious about how her alarm clocked worked. But when she took it apart, she was unable to put it back together. She continued taking apart seven alarm clocks, to the displeasure of her mother, who limited her to taking apart just one. Math Talent Runs in the Family Her father, Walter Fletcher Murray, and paternal grandfather were insurance brokers, a profession which makes use of statistics. Graces mother, Mary Campbell Van Horne Murray, loved math and went along on surveying trips with her father, John Van Horne, who was a senior civil engineer for the city of New York. While it wasnt proper at that time for a young lady to take an interest in math, she was allowed to study geometry but not algebra or trigonometry. It was acceptable to use math to keep household finances in order, but that was all. Mary learned to understand the familys finances because feared her husband would die from his health problems. He lived to be 75. Father Encourages Education Hopper credited her father for encouraging her to step beyond the usual feminine role, have ambition and get a good education. He wanted his girls to have the same opportunities as his boy. He wanted them to be self-sufficient since he wouldnt be able to leave them much of an inheritance. Grace Murray Hopper attended  private schools in New York City where the curriculum focused on teaching girls to be ladies. However, she was still able to play sports at school, including basketball, field hockey, and water polo. She wanted to enter Vassar College at age 16 but failed the Latin exam, She had to be a boarding student for a year until she was able to enter Vassar at age 17 in 1923. Entering the Navy Hopper was considered too old, at age 34, to join the military after the attack on Pearl Harbor that brought the United States into World War II. But as a mathematics professor, her skills were a critical need for the military. While Navy officials said she should serve as a civilian, she was determined to enlist. She took a leave of absence from her teaching position at Vassar and had to get a waiver because she was underweight for her height. With her determination, she was sworn into the U.S. Navy Reserve in December 1943. She would serve for 43 years. Her younger years shaped her path to the computer programming legacy for which she is famous. Later in life, after her time in the Navy, she invented the Mark I Computer with Howard Aiken. Her early math talent, her education, and her Navy experience all played a role in her eventual career. Source and Further Reading Elizabeth Dickason, Remembering Grace Murray Hopper: A Legend in Her Own Time, The Department of the Navy Information Technology Magazine, 27 June 2011.

Annotated Bibliography on Coral Bleeching Research Paper

Annotated Bibliography on Coral Bleeching - Research Paper Example Authors concluded that environmental stressors tend to be the primary triggers leading to bleaching. They also suggested that the role that bacteria play in relation to bleaching tends to be that of opportunistic colonization. Therefore, bacteria are not the primary cause of coral bleaching. Anthony, K. N., Hoogenboom, M. O., Maynard, J. A., Grottoli, A. G., & Middlebrook, R. (2009). Energetics Approach to Predicting Mortality Risk from Environmental Stress: A Case Study of Coral Bleaching. Functional Ecology, 23(3), 539-550. There is a high probability of an increase in frequency and severity of coral bleaching events because of climatic changes. According to the article, this is a significant threat to most of the corals ecosystem in various parts of the world. The authors demonstrate a survey they conducted on two Indo-pacific coral species in order to show the coral mortality risks and recovery when bleaching events occurs. Moreover, the authors demonstrate the possibility of curbing coral bleaching through establishing the bleaching rate and duration. Authors conclude that predicting coral mortality rate is a significant achievement to the allocation and management of resources when trying to increase recovery time during bleaching events. Bourne, D., Iida, Y., Uthicke, S., & Smith-Keune, C. (2008). Changes in coral-associated microbial communities during a bleaching event. ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal Of Microbial Ecology, 2(4), 350-363. The article mainly focuses on authors’ study that demonstrates various changes that occur in coral-associated bacteria environments. The article demonstrates that even though increase in sea temperature poses as the main cause of coral bleaching, understanding of various coral-associated communities may help in reducing severe bleaching events. The article also demonstrates a research conducted by the authors that indicates microbial associations

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Union Law - Essay Example The UK, having adopted the Directive, has remained silent on the issue of minimum wage while all other stipulations remain the same. Tom is an employee working as a nurse under a local organization by the name of Hoxon Council. Under his employment conditions, he is working an average of 50 hours per week after opting out of the 48 hours per week condition. His hourly wage is 6 pounds and he is entitled to 5 weeks annual paid leave. The overtime has led to deterioration in the health of Tom and even after filing a complaint with his superiors, he did not receive a positive response. This has led to certain implications for Tom which will be discussed within this paper. This paper would attempt to provide a solution for Tom with reference to the existing laws. Could Tom invoke the Directive against his employer? The Directive allows employees to file an appeal against the employer if the conditions of the Directive have not been met. This is done to aid the employees working within th e UK and to prevent too much power in the hands of the organizations (Hartley, 2007). Tom cannot invoke the Directive against the employer for the overtime that he is working. This is because he has willingly opted out of the 48 hour weekly limit by signing a contract with the organization. Since the Directive allows employees to willingly sign out of the agreement, it will not consider the issue of Tom working for 50 hours a week. But in the case of the minimum hourly wage, Tom can invoke the Directive against the employer. The European Union Law has more power over the national law in the case that lesser rights are provided to individuals. The same case is apparent in this issue. The Employee Rights Act as adopted by UK is silent on the issue of minimum wage. However, the Directive stipulates that the minimum hourly wage should not be less than 8 pounds. Tom is only being paid 6 pounds by his employer which is less than the minimum hourly wage. Thus Tom has the advantage of invok ing the Directive against the employee on the issue of the minimum hourly wage. Also in terms of the minimum annual paid leave, Tom can invoke the Directive against his employer. This is because right now he is getting 5 weeks annual paid leave according to the limit set by the Act but the Directive allows for 6 weeks annual paid leave. Here again the Directive has the power to forgo the Act and thus grant Tom 6 weeks annual paid leave. Since Tom is working overtime in order to make ends meet, the increase in hourly wage would positively impact his working conditions. He would not as a result suffer from the health conditions that he is suffering at this point of time. Would it be advisable for Tom to rely on the indirect effect of the Directive? The indirect effect of the Directive refers to the principle that national laws are under reinterpretation if they are inconsistent with the laws of the European Union. The indirect effect is thus a powerful tool that can be applied in orde r to bring about a change in the national laws to take into account the European Union Law. According to the ECJ ‘national courts are therefore under an obligation to interpret national legislation in accordance with the aims and purposes of the Directive’ (Owen, 2000). In this case, it would be advisable for Tom to rely on the indirect effect of the Directive. This is so because the indirect effect would allow him to file a valid case whereby the Employee Rights

Leadership styles in youth work

Leadership styles in youth work Team members Questionnaires Analysis Q1: Who makes the decisions in your team? It can be seen that the maximum support goes with the team leader making decisions with the help of his teammates. This shows that the team leaders use the participative form of leadership which is a part of the democratic style. This ensures effective decision-making. (Leadership Styles: Democratic Leadership Style, 2008) Q2: Are team members punished if they dont achieve the set goals? The answer to this question shows that most agree with the fact that the team members are punished some times. So, this means that the team leader does give warnings and a chance to improve as well before coming to any conclusion. As next majority is with never punishment, the team leader seems to be lenient. Q3: Are team members rewarded when they achieve goals set for them? About 50% of the population says that the leader awards for good work. This indicates that the degree of motivation amongst the employees is really high and the competition to excel is also which is highly essential in the success of any firm. It also builds up the morale. Q4: Are team members allowed to be involved in setting goals and are rewarded for achieving those goals? The majority goes with the fact that team members are never allowed to set their own goals. This means that the goal of the organization is definite and the team leader expects the members to follow them with complete zest. Though he rewards for good performance but not in case of own ways. Q5: Are team members allowed to be rewarded for setting their own goals and achieving them? Many employees feel that there are situations when team members are rewarded for even setting goals. This shows that during situations of dilemma, it can happen. But still maximum feel that this never happens. Hence, one can see that leader only consults team members, but final decision is his. Q6: Does your team leader involve you in decision making about various strategies to be implemented in the company? This question again proves the same fact that the team leader involves the members in taking decisions. This means that he does believe in the members in giving suitable suggestions to his targeted goal. The second majority is with sometimes, which means that as per as the effectiveness of the suggestion, this participation is allowed. Q7: Does your team leader encourage you to do something innovative in the company? Most of the employees are with the fact that innovation is mostly preferred. This shows that the leader goes as per as the situation of the industry. In this dynamic environment, one must give chance to innovate. Hence, this again is an indication of the use of democratic, participatory style of leadership. (Leadership styles in youth work, 2010) Q8: Does your team leader share important information which helps in making decisions for the project? Here, maximum feel that most of the times, the team leader shares important information. This indicates that the team leader gives enough chances for the leaders to come up with their suggestions. It not only is good for the company but also adds up to boosting the morale of the employees to a larger degree. Q9: While implementing various strategies, employees are free to make suggestions. The answer shows that even in the case of making strategies, the employee are allowed to give suggestions. This indicates a cordial relationship that exists between the leader and the employees. It also makes it less prone for the team leader to take wrong decision. Q10: Are you satisfied with the way decisions are made by your leader? There are about 70% of the employees who are sometimes satisfied and 25% who ate satisfied all the time. This indicates that there are a few experienced members in the team whose suggestions are kept prominent and the others are given equal chances to develop that maturity in the future. Q11: Are you satisfied with the leadership qualities that team leaders have at Dnata? About 45% are always satisfied with the leadership qualities and 50% at times. This is a very high percentage indicating the proficiency of the team leader to a large extent. Hence, overall, the team members seem to be satisfied with the way the team leader has been doing his work with respect to the members. Team Leaders Questionnaires Analysis Q1: Who makes the decisions in your team? The team leaders feel that they are lenient enough as half of them allow the employees to take the decisions themselves and the other half allows their participation in the decision-making process. This indicates both democratic and Laissez-Faire approach of leadership. (Leadership Styles, 2008) Q2: Do you punish team members if they dont achieve the goals set? Most of the team members show their strictness towards non-fulfillment of the organization goals. This is because 50% feel that they always punish members for the same. There is an equal proportion of non-punishment and punishment sometimes. So, by and large the leaders are strict in their means. Q3: Do you give rewards to team members when they achieve goals set for them? As far as rewards are concerned, half the population is inclined towards giving the same. This shows that the proclivity for a better performance exists in the leaders. They feel that by giving rewards, the motivation of the employees would go high and they would give better consequences for the team in the future. Q4: Do you allow team members to be involved in setting goals and reward them for achieving those goals? Here again, 50% of the team leaders allow their team members to be involved in setting goals and also rewarding on achievement. This is contradictory to what the employees feel. This means that the leaders do give an option but it is the experience of the members that lacks where their suggestions dont seem appropriate. Q5: Do you allow team members to be rewarded for setting their own goals and achieving them? Here again, 50% of the team leaders sometimes even reward the employees for setting their goals. This shows that as and when they feel that it is worth appreciating, they do so and when they feel it is not they dont. So, the leaders seem to give opportunities to the members. Q6: Do you encourage your team to participate when decision making is required in the company at various levels in order to help them in implementing the ideas? 50% the leaders allow this always and 50% allow this sometimes. This means that half of them are confident about their team members totally and the other half go according to situations. When they feel that the situation is right, they allow this participation. Q7: Do you always eager to do something new in the organization which means that you always encourage your employees towards thinking something new and innovative? Here 75% of the leaders always have a view of allowing the members to think innovative. Once again, we can see that they do this as per as the dynamic nature of the society where innovation is the major tool to success. This is in accordance with what the employees feel. Hence, the importance of innovation is certainly not doubtful amongst the leaders. Q8: Do you always explain intricacies and various aspects of tasks to the team members that are to be done in the project which is given to their team in order to make them aware about what exactly the present scenario is and what needs to be done in future? About 75% of the leaders agree with the fact totally. This shows that they are extremely helpful to the team members in doing their jobs; this doesnt only prevent failures but also helps the employees to add on to their capabilities. This is a booster for the employees in the organization. Discussion and Recommendation The above analysis of the questionnaire distributed amongst the team members and the team leaders at Dnata indicates that the organizations have leaders who solely follow the democratic styles of leadership. Some of the leaders are participatory and there are even more who allow the Laissez Faire approach where the employees themselves take the decisions. This concludes two facts. The first of these is that there is an abundance of leaders who have faith in the employees and the other thing is that the leaders move according to the dynamic style of the environment where every suggestion of the employees matters to a large extent. (Democratic Leadership, 2007) Improvement The following are the improvement ideas in the company, Dnata: The leaders allow participation of the employees but at the same time they should also have a control mechanism where they check the fact the members do not take advantage of the situation by cheating the team. As per as the last question asked to the leaders, they assist the members in every intricacy of the company. This is not recommended at all times as the members might not be able to develop a self-learning capacity which can be extremely harmful for the team. This can even be dangerous during adverse situations. Finally, even for those leaders who havent established a cordial relation with the employees, should begin doing so it can be effective for better communications.

Marketing techniques Essay

Introduction The businesses and products I chose happened to be, Nike and their Mercurial football boots, and Sony and their PS3 gaming console. I chose these products because I think they are both reasonably diverse, and in their time, both these products have experienced a range of sections within the product life cycle. For example, due to Nike’s football boots having to be constantly refreshed and renewed due to high competition, they have experienced, each sector, a number of times. In contrast, the Sony and their PS3 have also experienced similar experiences. For example, due to this specific console being one of the most successful and exclusive gaming consoles of all time, the overall competition has been reasonably low, and due to this, this certain product has seen the product life cycle at a very different perspective by experiencing each sector at a much slower rate. Product The diagram presented above dictates the process in which businesses go through, when marketing. Every business will follow this strategy when they advertise and market a product in order to gain the most sales, and to generate a substantial amount of profit. For example, the first stage of this Product Life Cycle is the Development. This stage entitles a business to conjure up a selected idea, in which they will later hope to produce as a product and then sell. The development stage is where the business will discover the blue prints of their product and how they will later market it. In other words, the development stage provides a foundation for the selected product as it will be built as a prototype to be later sold to the public in order to increase sales and profits. This certain stage is very secretive within any organisation. Other businesses do not want to let their competitors have knowledge of what they’re producing, in case they steal and release the idea before, a nd generate a mass of publicity, sales and profits. The next stage is referred to as the introduction stage; this is  where the business launches its completed product for the first time. This certain sector is vital as it will later determine how successful the product is, and whether it should be develop further. Within the Introduction stage, sales begin to grow slowly if the product begins to generate publicity, this is usually due to the lack of knowledge people have about your product, and it is also due to the lack of advertising. However, a business may not want to advertise straight away, as they may waste money on advertising a product that their piers may not essentially want or need. Therefore, business tend to use the certain advertising scheme, known as informative advertising, this includes small processes in which a business can build their products reputation or publicity. If this section of the product life cycle is successful, businesses can later develop on their products, thus enabling them to create further marketing schemes, beneficial to them, in regards to their sales, profits and annual turnover. The next stage within the Product life cycle is, Growth. This is where a business’s product begins to increase in sales, rapidly. This is due to increased demands, and the fact that all the business’s persuasive marketing schemes are working, thus increasing sales and profits. The growth sector within this product life cycle basically classifies how successful a business is, by being within the growth sector; this indicates that the business’s product is successful and popular. The fourth and pen ultimate stage is known as the Maturity stage. This is where a selected product, created by a business begins to sustain profits, and generate sales slowly. This stage takes place after the growth stage, due to many factors such as an increase in product competition due to the publicity of your product, as well as an increase in advertising due to businesses trying to sustain the success of their product. After this stage, comes the final stage, or otherwise known as the Decline. This stage entails a business’s product to begin to drop in sales, reduce in publicity and popularity, it begins to lose its appeal and competition becomes stiffer and bigger, therefore fewer units are sold. At this stage, advertising is either halted or completely stopped, and possibly the production of the item may decrease in activity in order to retain money and boost the production on other marketing schemes/ideas. Brand: Nike, Inc. Nike, Inc or Nike is a very popular and successful business that originated  in the early 70s. This business firstly began, known as Blue Ribbon Sports in 1964, however, 7 years later saw them changing their name into what we know them today as; Nike Inc. This organisation specialises in sports apparel and accessories. This sport based business sells items within sports such as Football, Rugby, Golf, Basketball, Cricket, tennis, athletics and pretty much every other sport. However, I feel they are extremely notorious for their very professional and popular football boots. For example, Nike have earned international success and have worked with the likes of Ronaldinho, Ronaldo, Cristiano Ronaldo, Didier Drogba, Neymar, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Mario Balotelli, Wesley Sneijder, Wayne Rooney and Landon Donovan in regards to promoting their Football related range of goods. However, in regards to my product, Nike has formed many advertising schemes with players such as Zlatan Ibrahimovià „‡ (left) and Cristiano Ronaldo (right). Product: Nike Mercurial Vapor This certain product is a very popular and renowned piece of sports apparel. This certain product is linked with football, as they are, a selected type of football boot. This variation of football boot comes in many shapes and sizes, this enables the product to appeal to all different, acquired tastes, and overall this will help the brand Nike Inc, reach out and attract customers. However, my reasoning for choosing this brand would be its placement within the product life cycle, due to increased and increasing competition, businesses such as Nike Inc have to constantly refresh and renew their produce, in order to maintain customers and as a business become more appealing and modern/stylish. Therefore, I believe these products fluctuate between growth and Maturity, for example, due to the competition, new boots are brought out every couple of months or year, this causes older boots, and their predecessors to be regarded as â€Å"old†, â€Å"boring† or â€Å"out of fashion†. Therefore, each boot only has a selected amount of time, until the next big style or football boot gets released. Like I mentioned before, I believe this product is mainly situated within the growth sector, as each boot only obtains a selected amount of time to succeed and become appealing, until the next brand gets released; therefore, it’s time to mature and become a cemented item is limited. Brand: Sony Corporation Sony Corporation, or Sony, is a very successful and popular Japanese multinational corporation that specialises in electronics, game systems and game entertainment. Sony is one of the leading providers of game entertainment in today’s society; they have produced some iconic titles/products like the PS1, the PS2, the PS3 and its most recent addition, the next generation of console, known as the PS4. These gaming, entertainment systems have altered and revolutionised the way we play virtual games, and they have truly made their mark on gadget history. Sony is a Japanese business that began in 1946, its name, at the time stood as Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, however, since 1958, this iconic brand has been referred to as Sony. Product: Sony, Play station 3 The product I will be using during this task will be Sony’s, award winning creation/product, known as the PS3. I believe this product has been very, very successful, and I think I it will be an ideal product to evaluate and analyse. For example, seeing as this certain console is one of few gaming entertainment systems to be released in the modern era, the competition is reasonably low, therefore, its time during the product life cycle has sustained and gradually evolved into being a product within the Maturity sector. However, due to recent events, a new range of console appeared, formed by the same brand; Sony. This new range of gaming console is referred to as, the next generation of gaming entertainment, and this specific console is known as the Sony PS4. This PS4 was released into stores and gaming retailers on such dates as the 15th of November 2013 (for North American Citizens), the 29th of November 2013 (for European Citizens) and 22nd February 2014 (for Asian Citizens); and as of March 2nd 2014, this product has already sold as many units as 6 million worldwide. Because of this, the Sony PS3 will eventually fall into the declining sector within the product life cycle, due to decreasing demand, decreasing popularity and a decrease in advertising and production. This certain factor is one prominent reason why I have chosen this product to feature within my coursework. Promotion The promotional process within a business is where an organisation would advertise a selected product to either inform existing customers of new modifications to their products, or to advertise a new product they have just created and finished. The methods and messages business use when displaying their products are very important, as it can overall determine the outcome/success of the product. For example, businesses want to sustain and attract new and existing customers by using persuasive and informative promotional materials, and if their promotional schemes do not achieve this substantial amount of money can be lost, thus negatively affecting the business and potentially damaging the business. There are many forms and ways in which business can promote their products for example: Advertising – Through TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, internet Direct selling – directly approaching and â€Å"targeting† customers, e.g. public speakers, telesales, door salesmen Direct Marketing – Leaflets, mailshots, emails Point-of-sale – selling point stands, free samples, vouchers, offers Incentives – loyalty cards, bonus points or point systems i.e. these exist on many crisp and cereal selling brands Public Relations – Ensuring the organisations name is well known and grown or growing publicity. Catchy slogans, and brand names or e.g. sponsorships like Nike’s Cristiano Ronaldo sponsorship deals Sales Promotion – special offers, deals, sales to attract customers All these ways are commonly used by business in order to boost the publicity and overall speculation on their product, as every business needs to achieve a certain amount of customers, in order to generate profit. As well as these promotional ideas/methods, businesses also use certain features like AIDA. This stands for (A) Attraction, (I) Interest, (D) Desire, (A) Action. This diagram is used to represent a customer’s approach to reviewing a product. For example, when seeing a advert that appeals to them, these (potential) future customers will have a mental review of the product, and over a period of time, this AIDA process should unravel and take its formation. This is a process in which many businesses follow, in regards to promoting and releasing their product/ideas so they can identify what techniques to use, when advertising and promoting their products. For example, firstly comes the Attraction of the product, businesses want to represent their newly formed product as a new revolutionary item that will  benefit someone in every way, where it’s needed. Therefore, business will present their item as â€Å"cool†, â€Å"modern† and highly â€Å"anticipated† despite it’s not even released yet. This is in order to obtain the focus of customers and to gain their attention to their product. The success rate in which businesses do this will determine how many people will feel encouraged to buy your product, an increase of this will overall benefit the business and generate them with increase/grown profits. Secondly comes Interest, this is where business aim to achieve the focus and publicity of their product . Because of this, businesses want people/customers to gain an interest to their product, they want people to feel they need and have to purchase it. If a business successes within this stage, this could impact the business in a number of positive ways. For example, an increased amount of people interested within your product could mean, an increase in profits, and this will most certainly benefit a business. Businesses do this by containing people within their adverts or promotional materials looking happy with the product, or featuring famous figures in order to promote how stylish a product can be. Like I briefly mentioned, businesses want customers to feel the need to have their product, this stage is referred to as the Desire stage, this is where business feature many promotional materials in order to obtain the attention of customers and make them feel the need to want to buy and purchase their product. Again businesses can do this through featuring famous figures like Cristiano Ronaldo in order to promote their new product. By doing this, many fans of these famous figures may feel desired into purchasing the product as they deem it as stylish or maybe they just feel loyal to the role model/celebrity who promoted it. Finally features the stage/section known as Action. This the physical side to this AIDA cycle, for example Action is where the customer/reviewer will eventually purchase the good and use it/consume it for its purpose. Within this cycle, businesses don’t really have to do anything more at this stage, the customer has bought their product, all the business can do now is wait and assume the certain client has grown fond of their product, thus potentially forming them into an existing customer/loyal consumer. What are the promotional techniques used by your businesses? Within the two businesses I have chosen, there are multiple promotional techniques. Within the paragraphs displayed below, I will present this and eventually outline their strengths,  weaknesses, and comparison with compe titors and their differences. Nike Inc, Mercurial Vapor: For this selected product, I found many promotional schemes, however, I commonly found promotional processes within the advertising side of promotion, and these TV advertisements included famous footballers like Cristiano Ronaldo and Zlatan Ibrahimović in order to boost the attraction of their product as well as the desirability. For example, some screen shots/links of the adverts collected: Advertisements: Cristiano Ronaldo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWVYwppLPdE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mdgTR5ZyDs Zlatan Ibrahimović: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqVk1FHYeFY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SBnk3lKzzg Strengths: Within this set of Nike commercials, I thought the real strengths and positive aspects had to be the way in which they want people to perceive their products. For example, within each advert/promotional technique, they indicate how their style of football boot could change the way in which you perform, and how it can alter your abilities. For example, within the Cristiano Ronaldo adverts, it depicts Ronaldo, running through a whole team, easily with such pace, the advert then finished with the simple statement of: Be fast. Be Mercurial. This would indicate to customers that their special brand of football boot could enhance their abilities and the way they perform on the football pitch. For many football fans, and aspiring football players, these factors may be very important and this may encourage them to buy the item as they desire the certain traits these products supposedly provide. This is also a good way of advertising, because when people purchase this variation of football bo ot, it’s another way of advertising, however it’s free. For example, potential customers may see other people wearing the advertised boots, and this may cause them to feel jealous due to them knowing what the boots supposedly provide trait wise, as well as the fact, their favourite footballer may be the cover of that  certain brand, therefore they could feel further experiences of jealousy. This factor is very important because, in modern day football, the competitiveness between aspiring players may be extremely high, therefore each player wants/needs a certain factor such as new boots that may pose them with an â€Å"advantage† over everybody else/their opponents. Overall this will encourage more people to purchase Nike’s product as the certain products may feel increasingly desired, thus potentially increasing their profits and reputation. I also feel strength of these advertisements is the involvement/featuring of worldwide known sports figures like Cristiano Ronaldo and Zlatan Ibrahimović. Many young people interested within sports and football idolize over certain role models like these players, therefore, when these people see the Nike adverts featuring them, they feel obliged to purchase the certain piece of sports apparel in a way of supporting their role model. Therefore, Nike can use this to their advantage by exploiting how these players â€Å"benefit† from their products, and how it will reflect on their customers. For example, many fans and expiring footballers may feel, that wearing the same football boot as Cristiano Ronaldo or Zlatan Ibrahimović will grant them with their abilities and skill. Because of this, Nike’s advertisements can easily attract more customers by featuring these great athletes, thus potentially boosting their profits due to increased attraction and desirability. Weaknesses: Within these adverts, I felt it was very hard to find a significant weakness; however, I came to the conclusion of their adverts potentially degrading people. For example, due to the adverts representing how football players could be boosted/enhanced by the certain football boot, certain people who may desire the item, however can’t afford it may feel, when they play football, they do not have enough skill or power when on the pitch in comparison to people wearing these advertised boots. Because of this, many people may feel degraded, and they may also feel potentially weaker as a footballer, and this could potentially have a negative effect on Nike due to some people possibly feeling depressed about their abilities when being reminded of their products and their brand faces like Ronaldo and Zlatan Ibrahimović. Therefore, Nike may suffer some reductions in customers,  therefore a decrease in overall profits. Comparisons with competitors: When comparing to competitors, I believe Nike is probably at the best stage, I believe Nike is at the top of their game. For example, I think the way in which these commercials are conducted, represent these products with style, professionalism, power, speed, agility, and skill, precision. Because of this, I believe Nike’s target audience has been expanded for example, due to the professionalism and smart appearance of these products and their commercials, elder customers may also be enticed to purchase the products, as well as young, aspiring players. I also feel Nike made the correct choice when choosing players like Cristiano Ronaldo when advertising their products. For example, over the past couple of years, Ronaldo has accomplished many individual and joint awards and has successfully earned his place as the one of the best, if not the Best player in the world. Because of this, more people may have been enticed to buy Nike’s products, thus potentially booting their profits and overall reputation. Sony, Play Station 3: Again, with this certain product, I found Sony Corporation used many promotional techniques in order to advertise their product, especially within television, posters and billboards. For example: Links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyTlxHwuPZY – Long Live Play Michael https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqkNPcUMffU – PS3 Baby Commercial Strengths: Within these Sony, PS3 commercials/promotional material, I found that theses commercials had many aspects about them that were positive. One of these was the engagement to the audience a special individuals that are avid console gamers. For example, within the Long Live Play commercial, a group of gaming characters formed in order to celebrate the background character known as Michael who controlled their stories, as he PLAYED their games. I believe this is a positive effect as certain people may recognise these gaming characters, therefore they already obtain some variation of emotional  attachment to them, because of this, more people may be attracted to Sony’s products. For example, by seeing characters from certain games they have played may trigger many good memories of these people playing these games when they were younger. Because of this, they may feel encouraged to buy the console in order to recap on old memories, because of this, and increased amount of people buying Sony’s products will mean, and increased amount of profits, thus benefitting Sony in a number of ways. Another strength could be the suspense during the commercial. For example, the Long Live Play commercial depicts a group of characters speaking and celebrating about this person called Michael, however, customers watching the commercial don’t’ actually get told who this Michael is and why he’s important until the very end. I believe this is a very good promotional technique as this may cause customers having to watch the entire commercial as they are curious to whom Michael is, and by that time, they are drawn in and notified of the brand â€Å"Sony – PS3†. This suspense could ideally cause more people to remember the commercial, and overall these factors could increase the amount of people wh o will buy Sony’s products, thus increasing their profits further. Weakness: In comparison to the Nike commercials, I felt there were more negatives within these certain promotional methods, especially within the first commercial I watch, the PS3 baby commercial. I feel there were certain negative, such as how vague the promotional method was, for example, I don’t feel and can’t seem to analyse any form of message or purpose into why Sony depicted a baby doll, glancing at their product and making a series of different noises. If anything I believed this certain commercial was quite weird, and if I were to watch this commercial, my initial reaction would probably deter me from buying this product,, as I found little about the product itself, and the way I think the commercial was conducted was very strange and dysfunctional. I believe this would overall be a negative effect in regards to Sony. For example, if people are deterred from buying you product, due to your commercial, this could result in reduced sales and ultimately a decrease in your a nnual turnover. I also find, within the Long Live Play commercial, if you were new to gaming and unaware of some of the figures within the production, the advert wouldn’t really appeal to you,  therefore the way Sony aimed to increased sales through this promotional method may not work as well as hoped. For example, how do you expect to connect with some of the characters when you’re un aware of their story/history? Ultimately this could affect the turnover and sales created through this product and it could mean less people may purchase Sony’s products, thus potentially affecting their profits. However, in relevance to my last point, it could also be perceived as a positive, for example, if some people are unaware of certain characters, this may leave them questioning their purpose, and why they’re there. Because of this, people unaware of this information may feel the need to purchase a games console and some related game titles in order to find understand why certain characters were within the commercial. Due to this, businesses like Sony who sell gaming systems may receive increased sales due to people new to games, and are searching for a correct platform to play on. Overall this would positively affect Sony as sales may increase, as well as profits, thus benefiting the company economically. In comparison to their competitors I feel Sony don’t feel the need to input as much effort into their advertisements. They seem to focus on sales promotions within shop windows like Game or Game Station. I also feel Sony withdraw from increased advertising as it costs money, and they seem to find leaving their customers without that many details, It might give them an increased chance in regards to buying the console as the negative effects of the product may be unknown until purchased, this is beneficial to Sony as again, more sales mare be generated, thus a potential increase in profits. Pricing Strategies Used Pricing strategies is another word for the structure, and how businesses decide to sell their goods, and depending on these products, the type of pricing may change. Nike, Mercurial Vapor: The first pricing strategy I think Nike use in regards to this specific product happens to be the strategy known as Promotional Pricing. This is where businesses provide offers, and sales on their certain products. And in Nike’s case I believe this is exactly what they do, for example, considering the competition for this variation of product is very high, businesses like Nike have to constantly circulate new products and new Mercurial Football  boots, otherwise, their competitors will receive the upper hand and potentially an increase in customers due to less competition and other competitors not releasing new, updated stock. So, businesses like Nike release new stock/products like Mercurial Football boots in order to maintain their customers interest, therefore a majority of their older stock falls into the category of sales, deals and special offers. For Example: For example, Nike cut down this special type of Mercurial Football boot down from  £55.00 to  £43.00, a  £12.00 price decrease. Nike also follows the pricing strategy of Price Skimming. For example, when Nike first releases a new rendition of the Nike Mercurial Football boot, the price is initially, extremely high. I believe they do this because they know people would pay so much, just to stay up to date and modern in regards to the latest range, I also believe they do this because they know they are going to later decrease the price, therefore they initially sell their products at an extremely high price, just to take advantage of the limited time it’s going to be that price for to ensure they may generate a major profit per unit, thus potentially increasing their sales and overall increasing their profits. For example: The screen shot displayed above represents how much Nike initially release their Mercurial Vapor range at, later this price will decrease as new boot ranges will circulate, and this certain style will eventually go decrease in fashion/popularity. Sony, Play Station 3: The Sony PS3 has been around for around for around 7 – 8 years now, therefore the pricing strategies Sony used may or may not have changed during the products long lasting existence. Over that period of time, the Sony PS3 has been altered, re-mastered and perfected, therefore the pricing has obviously had to be changed, and considering the release of the new PS4, the Sony PS3 price has probably fluctuated at an even greater scale. One of the price  strategies the Sony PS3 withheld was, Price Skimming. Sony needed and has used this strategy due to the products huge market life. In order to generate and receive the most sales/turnover, Sony needed to keep the price as high as they could until something like the PS4 appeared. For example, since its release, the Sony PS3 has maintained a price between  £400 –  £150, therefore within that 8 year product life bracket, Sony has only cut the pricing down from around  £250, and like I mentioned before, Sony did this in o rder to generate the highest amount of sales/turnover in order to sustain a substantial amount of profit. Sony have also used the pricing strategy known as promotional pricing, for example, since Sony and their consoles involve features such as buyable accessories and games, Sony seem to release the occasional deal which involves a mix of a variety of games, certain gaming related accessories and obviously, the console itself. These deals appeal to many people as they receive the highly anticipated console as well as many other beneficial features. However, businesses like Sony use these added features in order to boost people’s encouragements as they believe the deal is better than it actually is. This is beneficial to the business as it overall could result into increased sales/profits due to deal prices and bundles potentially being sold for more than the individual console. This then leads me on to my next and final pricing technique, for example, business use the pricing strategy known as Psychological pricing. This is where businesses sell products at a price to deceive customers and trick them into thinking it’s cheaper than what it really amounts to. For example, many businesses sell items ending in 00.99, this is due to it seeming like it’s much cheaper than the price following it, for example, people feel they’ve received a great deal off an item for  £19.99 instead of it being  £20.00, despite it’s one penny less, your eyes deceive you and it seems to look like a much smaller number/price. For example, in regards to Sony, their PS3 has been usually sold at a price ending within 00.99 in order to trick and deceive people, thus causing Sony, to generate an increased amount of money, thus boosting sales and potentially enlarging the business’s profit. For example: As you can see, this certain retailer has applied this strategy on order to generate a increase within each unit sold. This will overall benefit Sony as  more money will be generated within their company, causing them to receive a positive cash flow. Place Nike: Nike is business that specialises within sports apparel and sports related accessories, therefore you will find most Nike goods within common Sports retailers. For example, popular European stores like Sports Direct, JD sports and the Nike shop will supply these related goods as they are all featured within the same business sector – Sporting and Leisure activities. These products produced by Nike are supplied within these stores as Nike is a multinational brand, and it’s becoming increasingly popular, therefore, over the past couple of years, the demand for Nike produce, such as Mercurial Football boots has increased. Because of this, businesses like Sports Direct and JD sports want to sell their goods as Nike will cause them to generate increased profits due to increase popularity of Nike products and increasing demand for the certain stock, supplied by Nike. This is beneficial to both stores, for example, Nike will receive money through the selected stores Nike stock sales as a percentage of this money will be generated and transacted to them, as long as Nike provide these businesses with suitable and updated stock. The only negative I can picture could be the certain percentage of the money Nike might receive, for example, this percentage may be quite low, and therefore it might actually negatively affect Nike as they may spend more money manufacturing and transporting the goods than what they receive in return. Sony, Play station 3: Since Sony and their PS3 is categorized as a gaming entertainment system, the stores that usually sell this product are gaming retailers like, Game, HMV, Game station, and CEX, however, since PS3 became a worldwide product, they have gradually been sold within basic superstores like Tesco, Wall mart, Sainsbury’s, Morrison’s, ASDA and Waitrose. Again, due to the products speculation and overall success, these businesses decided to get in touch with Sony and sell their produce (PS3) as they were certain its success will provide them with increased sales, and overall profits. Many businesses like  Tesco also bought the stock in order for more people to enter their stores, fro example, by increased amounts of people entering a Tesco in search for a PS3, they may buy a certain drink or product provided by Tesco, and because of this Tesco and other superstores selling the PS3 may have also generated increased product/stock sales and well as potential increased profits. Much like the positive effect presented above this will also overall benefit Sony, as an increased amount of businesses wanting to sell their produce, will mean an increase in funding and overall boost in the finances within the organisation as more money will be externally inserted within the company. The only negative again could possibly be an insufficient amount of money to compensate for the immense amount of demands from businesses wanting to sell Sony’s products, however their funding/money should cover it, thus evading this problem and providing Sony with no real negative issue in regards to this problem. Evaluate the marketing techniques used by a selected business Nike: After evaluating and analysing Nike and their Mercurial Vapor football boots, I have resulted in a conclusion, and have formatted my final opinion, on their way of marketing. I personally believe Nike used very smart and successful marketing strategies, as the popularity of their business represents how they have globally attracted people to their brands, and sports apparel. For example, in regards to their Product, I believe the way they’ve dealt with the growing/fast competition really functions well within their business. For example, Nike has adapted and became accustom to bringing out and releasing new products, like football boots every couple of months/year in order to sustain the interest of their customers and target audience. For example, they need to sustain each of their products like the Mercurial Football boots within the growing sector in regards to the product life cycle, until the next brand or style of boot gets released. Without these certain functions, and Nike standardized approach, I doubt the business would be as successful as it has been over the past few years, this certain function has certainly helped Nike achieve success, sales and profits; and these are all very beneficial features within an organisation. Due to these factors, I also believe Nike has breached its customers’ expectations; they have released consistent and fashionable products, much  like the rapid production and competition of football boots, and they are definitely one of the best within their selected sector of Sports and Leisure apparel/equipment. This is why I believe Nike could be regarded as one of the best, if not the best football boot producers/retailers within the world, and I believe they are definitely one of the feared businesses, in regards to their competitors like Adidas, Puma, Umbro, Sondico and Warrior. Secondly, I believe Nike’s Promotional sector is also very effective, for example, as I mentioned previously, I believe the way Nike advertise and present their products is very professional, stylish and smart in regards to their appearance. And because if this, I believe Nike’s target audience is expanded, for example, by appealing to an increased amount of people, Nike’s football boot sales may increase, therefore Nike may even result in an increase within profits; thus benefiting the business further. I also believe Nike conducted their sponsors very professionally and successfully as well. For example, Nike and their range of football boots obtain sponsorship deals with players like Zlatan Ibrahimović and the two time Ballon d’Or winner; Cristiano Ronaldo. I believe these deals have secured Nike’s success, for example, due to players like Ronaldo promoting their produce, an increase amount of people have been encouraged to buy their products , like the Mercurial football boots; thus boosting their sales, revenue and overall, profits. Again, in comparison to their competitors, I believe Nike are the best in their business sector. For example, the way they’ve conducted each commercial, poster or other promotional source, they do it with certain features that I feel provides them with an edge in regards to attracting and generated desiring customers.  Within Nike, I feel their pricing strategies were extremely good / beneficial to the organisation, and I believe, there isn’t any other form of strategy that I would follow, in terms of generating sales, and ultimately profits. For example, I believe the strategies they used were very good, in regards to their products, and how it will function with their target audience/customers. For example, one of the pricing strategies they used was, promotional pricing, this is where business sell their goods by offering certain deals and sales and cutting down the price in order to attract and generate an increased amount of customers. I believe it was  convenient for a business like Nike to use this certain strategy, as the football boot market is very competitive, and new boots will have to be released every couple of months/ year. Because of this, it’s only right if they cut down the price on their other goods by introducing sales, offers and other forms of promotional pricing, in order to attract more customers, and potentially increase sales/profits. Another form of Promotional pricing that Nike conduct is the strategy known as Price skimming. This is where businesses initially release their item at a very high price; however, as it progresses through the product life cycle, this price tends to decrease in order to benefit the business and customers by producing potentially more sales, thus more profits, as well as a cheaper price, therefore increasingly affordable. Again in Nike’s case, this is mainly due to the strong, competitive market. For example, new products like Mercurial football boot s will have to be released, therefore the stock referred to as the old stock will slowly come down in price as new products and goods get released. This will benefit Nike as the cheaper prices could attract more customers, because of this, Nike could face an overall sales increase, and this sales increase could eventually lead to the increase in Nike’s profits. Nike could improve the sales of this by promoting these reductions in such things as Television Adverts or posters, combined with popular retail stores such as Sports Direct. By promoting these reduced offers, more people within their target audience may feel interested to purchase their products, due to this Nike’s sales and overall profit may lead to an increase. Within these advertisements further deals with popular sports personalities such as Cristiano Ronaldo could take place; further promoting these reduced products, ultimately leading to more people having a desire or wanting for these items, resulting in an increase in Nike’s sales and profits. I believe the way Nike sells their produce, like their Mercurial Vapors is very convenient and bene ficial to the organisation. Therefore I believe these certain pricing strategies are very effective and this specific range of marketing techniques are very successful in terms of generating the business with increased sales and overall increased profits. Nike has overcome their competitors by formulating certain schemes to override their opponents and receive increased customers, sales and profits. Like I mentioned previously, to strengthen this, Nike could promote their discounted and reduced prices  even more. For example, since a new style or variation of their products such as Football boots are renewed monthly in order to maintain a controlling position within the Market, a vast amount of their old products are slightly forgotten about in regards to customers and their target audience. Therefore I think it would be highly beneficial to Nike if they compensated more for the promotion of their older products with reduced prices as it could overall increase the sales of their business, and ultimately lead to increase publicity. More people would be interested to purchase these promoted items with reduced prices, creating a larger attraction to the Company (Nike) and its products, either new or old. Further promotional materials with sports personalities would also help solidify their position, as certain sporting figures may attract a larger audience to their business, increasing the publicity and knowledge of their products; this would be highly beneficial to Nike as it may result in increased sales, ultimately leading to an increase within profits, further benefiting the organisation. However, if I had to make one improvement I would say the pace at which the company skims the prices off its products. For example, many times I have been looking at popular football boots and noticed how the prices are extraordinarily high. For example, popular football boots promoted by famous athletes sometimes cost over  £200. For children, and sometimes adults, this type of money to compensate is nearly impossible, or considered a â€Å"waste†. This high price may result in push factors for people in search for the adequate balance I regards to sporting goods such as football boots, people will look for price, fitting and appearance; and if the price is high, it may deter people from purchasing it, ultimately reducing Nike’s sales, potentially leading to a decrease in profits. By increasing the rate at which these products are reduced, and shortening the period they are sold at a very high price for, more people may be attracted to buying and using the product, thus promoting the business’s content furthermore, and ultimately leading to an increase in profits due to increased customers and sales. Lastly, within the marketing sector, comes the section known as Place. This basically refers to where the products are actually sold. For example, for Nike this is the common sports retailers like Sports Direct, JD sports and  more. This encourages greater sales as the product is widely available. For example, it would be common to provide businesses who have generated success, prior to you letting them sell your specific items. Therefore, it was only beneficial for businesses like Nike to sell their good to businesses like Sports Direct who are very successful and have generated an array of customers in search for products like Nike’s Mercurial football boots. This will benefit them as the business’s success could potentially mean, more people might purchase Nike’s products, like their Mercurial Vapors, therefore Nike would benefit as they could potentially result in an increase within profits, and sales. Another way Nike may be able to improve the promotion and success of their sporting related goods could be the increase in personal customization, for example, many people buy and purchase products such as football boots to stand out within their selected sport, by allowing your customers to personalize a product, catered to their wants and desires will enable an increased level of individuality. For example, this customisation technique may allow people to feature their own personal initials and colour combinations on their selected Nike products. Also, this certain function should not only be introduced via the internet, but also via located outlets. This would enable people and customers to receive a visual on how their selected product would appear. Certain physical features such as a wider Nike product customisation would potentially lead an increased amount of customers, for example, like I mentioned previously, within their selected sports, people want to stand out, in order t o attract attention or an increased chance of remembrance. Therefore, by allowing people to customize their personal products whether it is tops, shoes, boots, shorts or even tennis rackets, a wider audience may be attracted. Ultimately this may increase Nike’s sales, leading to an increase in their overall profits. The only recommendation for Nike, in my opinion would be if they were to provide more promotional pricing methods in order to prevent certain items falling into a decline, for example, due to the high competition within the market in regards to football boots, they have to release new boots, every couple of months, therefore the â€Å"older† boots decline in price and popularity quickly. In order to prevent this, I think Nike should increase the amounts of offers within their football boot range; this will potentially increase sales and even boost profits as an  increased amount of people would be encouraged to purchase Nike’s products due to the falling/cheaper prices. Again this will benefit the business as more money could be generated, and this could possibly mean Nike may sell more, thus increasing their overall sales.