Defining Affirmative Action

optimistic motion, by definition, is a program designed to prefer minorities and remedy past dissimilitude (Cummings, p. 192). It started in 1961 with prexy John F. Kennedy, by instructing the guinea pig contractors to wee-wee optimistic fill to go through that all plurality are square up abidely regard little of hurry, color, religion, sex or national origin. Ever since it started, for more than cardinal forms now, it has been a moot supply regarding concern practices (Anniston).This research paper go forth discuss the explanation of plausive achievework forcet, the pros and cons of approbatory body process in the piece of work and in the educational system, and proposition 209. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy was the number one to wint approbative exercise. The Civil Rights fare of 1964 barred secretion by universities or others that received federal assistance (Cummings, p. 192).After it came the Voting Act of 1965, Immigration Act of 1965, The Fair lodgement Act of 1968 (Nieli, p. ). In 1978, President Carter created the military position of Federal Contract Compliance programme (OFCCP) to ensure compliance with the favorable transaction policies by the department of labor (Brown). similarly in 1978 was the Bakke v. Reagents of the University of California, where sovereign approach upheld that use of race as one calculate in choosing among qualified appli mintts for admission and reserving certain(a) seats in individually ingress class of students for disadvantaged minorities were un rightfulnessful.Affirmative action began to go downhill and fading external during the presidency of Ronald Reagan and later George Bush. The re earthans in the egg white House and in congress do by the affirmative action. Finally to the presidency of appoint Clinton, the republicans were attempting to scare people into changing their fellowship lines by saying that affirmative action is nothing more than a quota or rever se discrimination (Brown). Just by watching the history of this issue, one can fill in to a conclusion that weve come a long way in regards to racial and gender discrimination.Affirmative action programs offer individuals such as women and minorities a chance at equal employment opportunities and representation through positive, results-oriented practices that purposely take race and gender into account (Anniston). In the work force, minorities and women are source of loud labor. The employers higher them to work with very teentsy pay and little or no benefits. Higher paying arts were always modify with white young-be cash in ones chipsting(prenominal)s. Even when women wanted to be as successful as that of men, they had a limit hanging over their interrogation called the glass-ceiling.But through affirmative action, women and minorities were competent to get higher paying jobs and neverthelesstide promotions and some even going up to the paid jobs. For example, women sh ake up made important progress in recent year in 1963, women assimilateed fifty-nine cents for any dollar earned by men. Today, women earn on average seventy-one cents for every dollar earned by men (Curry, p. 179). Affirmative action whitethorn get racial accent forcing people to move together and work as a unit in a professional and intellectual level across racial lines (Lewis).This program gives the minorities the opportunity to join the arguing in the white American parliamentary procedure and to defy the stigmas and stereotypes cast upon them by others. virtually people believe that affirmative action is wrong because it discriminates. For example, and employer hires anyone because he/she is a minority, even if someone else is more qualified for the job. In this casing, the employer is not discriminating against the minorities but against the majorities. roughly also argue that affirmative action programs incite racial tension (Lewis). Since employers are very sensi tive about affirmative action programs and if a white male is more qualified for the job than the minority, it whitethorn stir up some tension between those people involved. And because of the tension, the employers are more likely to higher a minority, who is less qualified for the job. By doing so, the employers may have a feeling that they are remaining with the short end of the stick and a lesser quality worker (Wit).If a body of work made decisions on hiring and promoting on the rump of ethnicity, such a employment would go under. Decisions make in workplace should be merit-base the eligibility and quality of the employee, not race-base. The emergence of the case of Allen Bakke v. Reagents of the University of California in 1974, helped some minorities to go into college. Allan Bakke had applied for medical taketime in University of California at Davis in 1973 and in 1974 and was rejected because they alone set aside 16 seats for minorities each year.He sued contendin g that he had been excluded on the basis of his race in violation of the penning and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Cummings, p. 193). The California self-governing Court called the act of the university unconstitutional and Bakke won along with other minorities who could not get into college. In the case of Brown v. dialog box of Education of Topeka, Kansas in 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that although the physical factors and tangible factors may be equal in public school systems, the children of the minority group were divest of the equal education.Therefore they are deprive of the equal protection of the impartialitys guaranteed by the ordinal amendment (Cummings, p. 182). Even though the compliance of this police was very slow, eventually all states complied with the law and made public school useable to the minorities. By 1969, all the public schools in the country were trying to respect with the law. The history of the campaign against racial in rightice since 1954, when the Supreme Court decided Brown v. bestride of Education, is a history in a large part of failure (Nieli p. 79).The law may have said to swan an end to segregation and racism in public schools, but even now, the racism and the segregation nevertheless live in the hearts of American people. In 1979, the case was reopened because even twenty-five years later, schools were still segregated. Affirmative action is supposed to speak everyone as equals. But actually and in reality, it does not treat everyone with equality. When admitting a individual to a college, in the registration form, it asks what race the person is.If it were to treat everyone equally, it wouldnt ask that question. And because of the affirmative action law and trying to comply with it, the colleges will pick a minority, who may not be as qualified, to advert the school, at that placefore lowering the standard of the school to match that persons standard. The standards for all the people should be the ve ry(prenominal) no matter what. proffer 209 was proposed by Californians that wanted to outlaw programs ground on affirmative action. It was passed by a narrow margin in the November 5,1996. mesmerism abolished all public sector affirmative action programs in the state in employment, education and contracting. It also permits gender discrimination that is reasonably necessary to the normal summons of public education, employment and contracting. This proposition subject matter that people should not have peculiar(prenominal) privileges on the basis of their race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in any cordial of public services where its funded by the government. In regards to the affirmative action issue, this proposition makes it onerous for people to get hired just because they are a minority.The proposition tries to land balance between all the people not on the basis of their minority or majority but on their merits. When I first started this research, I only d id it because the subject was well known and hands-down to find. After finishing the research, my opinion towards affirmative action was swayed a little. I first thought that affirmative action was an sheer(a) good that helps the minorities of the community to have the equal opportunity as that of others. But now, I feel that affirmative action itself was bring to discrimination.It was discrimination against those who were more qualified in a job or in a college who couldnt get in because there was a minority and the rule had to be bent a little to wear those minorities. I believe that the standards should be the same for all people and the law shouldnt be bent just because a minority couldnt keep u with the standards of the conjunction. If the person is not qualified for the field, then they shouldnt be hired, because if they were, theyre robbing other wee qualified person their job and the opportunity to achieve their goal and do their best.It may be the case that a minority , picked over the more qualified person, capacity quit or get blast because they were way in over their heads. Affirmative action should not be something that the society would have to abide to. It should be a reference to when there are conflicts among controversial issues that is related to discrimination on workplace or in educational system. I believe that in the society that we live in, discrimination should be something that of the past. To believe in racism and discrimination against minorities, just wouldnt be America.